Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Libraries

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are closely related fields within computer science that aim to create systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

In “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Libraries,” we as library professionals might focus on various aspects of how AI & ML technologies impact library operations, services, and user experiences.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly added to libraries and information centers to enhance user services, improve user experience, and streamline the operations of the information center.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI refers to the broad concept of machines performing tasks in a way that we would consider “smart”. It involves the development of algorithms and systems that can mimic cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and even creativity.

Machine Learning (ML)

ML is a subset of AI that focuses on the idea that machines can learn from data. Rather than being explicitly programmed to perform a task, ML systems use algorithms to identify patterns within data and make decisions or predictions based on that data.

1. Automated Cataloging and Metadata Management

AI and ML are being employed to automate the cataloging process in Indian libraries, particularly for large volumes of digitized content. These technologies help in generating accurate metadata, making it easier to search and retrieve information.

Example: The Digital Library of India (DLI) project, which aims to digitize and preserve old manuscripts, books, and journals, uses AI to automatically generate metadata for scanned documents. This enables easier access to historical texts and academic resources.

2. Personalized Recommendation Systems

Libraries can use AI-powered recommendation systems to suggest books, articles, or other resources to users based on their reading history and preferences, similar to how Netflix or Amazon recommends content.

Example: The Delhi Public Library has been experimenting with AI-based recommendation engines that suggest books to readers based on their borrowing history, similar to how e-commerce platforms recommend products. This personalized approach enhances user engagement and satisfaction.

3. Chatbots and Virtual Assistants

AI-driven chatbots can handle routine inquiries, help users navigate the library’s resources, and provide instant assistance. These virtual assistants are available 24/7, improving user support outside of regular hours.

Example: IIT Bombay’s Central Library has implemented a chatbot that helps students and faculty find resources, check book availability, and navigate the library’s catalog. This service is available 24/7, improving access to information outside of regular library hours.

4. Digitization and Text Recognition

AI and ML are used in digital preservation efforts to identify and repair deteriorating digital files. These technologies can also automate the process of migrating data to new formats to ensure long-term accessibility.

AI and ML are crucial in the digitization of ancient manuscripts and texts in Indian languages. These technologies help in text recognition, especially for regional languages, and in converting scanned documents into searchable formats.

Example: The National Digital Library of India (NDLI) uses AI and ML to digitize and process texts in multiple Indian languages. The platform provides access to millions of resources, including books, theses, and research papers, making it a valuable tool for students and researchers across the country.

The Library of Congress uses AI to monitor the integrity of its digital collections and automatically repair or convert files to prevent data loss.

5. Predictive Analytics for Collection Management

Machine learning algorithms can analyze borrowing patterns and predict future trends, helping librarians make informed decisions about which materials to acquire, retain, or discard.

Example: Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Library utilizes predictive analytics to manage its collections more effectively. By analyzing borrowing data, the library can predict which materials will be in high demand, ensuring that popular and relevant resources are readily available.

6. Enhanced Search Capabilities

AI-driven search tools can provide more accurate and context-aware search results. These tools can understand natural language queries better and retrieve more relevant information from the library’s databases.

Example: The IGNOU Library (Indira Gandhi National Open University) uses AI-powered search engines that understand natural language queries in multiple Indian languages, making it easier for users to find relevant information in their preferred language.

7. AI in Library Management Systems (LMS)

AI can optimize various administrative tasks within the LMS, such as inventory management, overdue notices, and user management. It can also predict user needs and adjust services accordingly.

Example: The OCLC’s WorldShare Management Services incorporate AI to streamline library operations, improve resource sharing, and manage digital collections more effectively.

The Central Library of the University of Hyderabad uses an AI-enhanced LMS to manage its large collection efficiently. The system helps automate routine tasks, allowing librarians to focus on more complex and value-added services.

8. Sentiment Analysis on User Feedback

Libraries can use ML to perform sentiment analysis on user feedback or social media mentions. This helps libraries understand user satisfaction and identify areas for improvement.

Indian libraries are starting to use ML for sentiment analysis on user feedback, helping them improve services based on the insights gained from analyzing this data.

Example: The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Library has been exploring sentiment analysis tools to analyze user feedback collected through surveys and social media, helping the library understand user satisfaction and areas that need improvement.

9. Text and Data Mining

AI and ML can assist researchers by automating the process of text and data mining. This technology helps in extracting useful information from large datasets, which can be used for research purposes.

Example: The British Library uses AI to analyze its vast digital archives, making it easier for researchers to discover patterns, trends, and connections within the data.

Applications of AI and ML

AI and ML are used in a variety of industries and everyday applications, including:

• Libraries & Information Centers: AI & ML technologies are used to manage library operations, services, and user experiences.
• Healthcare: AI is used for diagnosis, personalized medicine, and even robotic surgery.
• Finance: ML models predict market trends, detect fraud, and automate trading.
• Marketing: AI powers recommendation engines, customer segmentation, and personalized advertising.
• Autonomous vehicles: AI drives cars, drones, and other vehicles by processing sensory data and making decisions in real-time.
• Customer service: AI chatbots and virtual assistants provide 24/7 support and manage customer inquiries.

Conclusion

By integrating AI and ML into these areas, libraries are not only improving their operational efficiency but also providing a more personalized and user-friendly experience. These technologies enable libraries to adapt to the digital age, ensuring they continue to be vital resources for education and research.

AI and ML are playing a transformative role in Indian libraries, making them more efficient, user-friendly, and accessible. As these technologies continue to evolve, their impact on the management and accessibility of knowledge in Indian libraries is expected to grow significantly.