Media and information literacy MCQs Quiz | Library and Information Science

What is Media and information literacy (MIL) in libraries

Media and information literacy (MIL) in libraries and information centers involves taking advantage of the resources and services provided by these institutions to foster the competencies needed to access, analyze, evaluate, create, and effectively communicate information. Libraries and information centers play a key role in promoting MIL by serving as centers of knowledge and learning. Here is an overview of how MIL is integrated and promoted in these settings:

Media and Information Literacy multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with explanations and answers:

1. What are the three main orientations of media literacy education?

a) Protectionist, promoting, participatory
b) Defensive, offensive, neutral
c) Educational, promotional, participatory
d) Active, passive, neutral

Answer: a) Protectionist, promoting, participatory
Explanation: The text describes three trends in media literacy education: the protectionist orientation, the promoting orientation, and the participatory orientation.

2. Which model is based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory?

a) Media Literacy Model
b) Message Interpretation Process (MIP) Model
c) Explore, Engage, Empower (EEE) Model
d) The Cultivation Theory

Answer: b) Message Interpretation Process (MIP) Model
Explanation: The Message Interpretation Process (MIP) Model is based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory.

3. Who proposed the Media Literacy Model?

a) Martens
b) Potter
c) Hobbs
d) Tornero

Answer: b) Potter
Explanation: Potter (2004) proposed the Media Literacy Model.

4. What is the primary goal of the protectionist orientation in media literacy?

a) Encourage creativity
b) Empower citizens
c) Offer protection against negative media effects
d) Promote media usage

Answer: c) Offer protection against negative media effects
Explanation: The protectionist orientation aims to offer protection to vulnerable groups against the negative effects of the media.

5. What are the three main applications of the Explore, Engage, Empower (EEE) Model?

a) Search, understand, create
b) Identify, analyze, produce
c) Explore, engage, empower
d) Access, evaluate, share

Answer: c) Explore, engage, empower
Explanation: The EEE Model groups competencies into three major applications: explore, engage, and empower.

6. According to Potter, what are the five knowledge structures necessary for media literacy?

a) Media effects, media content, media industries, the real world, the self
b) Media effects, media content, media production, media distribution, the self
c) Media influence, media creation, media ethics, media laws, the self
d) Media theory, media practice, media ethics, media laws, the self

Answer: a) Media effects, media content, media industries, the real world, the self
Explanation: Potter argues that the foundation to develop media literacy skills includes knowledge structures in media effects, media content, media industries, the real world, and the self.

7. What is the cultivation theory primarily concerned with?

a) Media literacy education
b) The repetitive lessons learned from media becoming the basis for broader worldviews
c) The empowerment of citizens
d) The protection of children from media violence

Answer: b) The repetitive lessons learned from media becoming the basis for broader worldviews
Explanation: The cultivation theory posits that repetitive lessons learned from media become the basis for broader worldviews.

8. Which theory emphasizes the interaction, reflection, and experience in education?

a) Cultivation theory
b) Dewey’s theory of education
c) Protectionist orientation
d) Uses and gratification model

Answer: b) Dewey’s theory of education
Explanation: Dewey’s theory of education emphasizes interaction, reflection, and experience.

9. What is the primary focus of the promoting orientation in media literacy?

a) To regulate media
b) To empower citizens and encourage their use of media
c) To protect vulnerable groups
d) To discourage media consumption

Answer: b) To empower citizens and encourage their use of media
Explanation: The promoting orientation focuses on the empowerment of citizens and how they can constructively use the media.

10. What model is proposed by Alagaran II for media and information literacy?

a) Media Literacy Model
b) Explore, Engage, Empower (EEE) Model
c) Message Interpretation Process (MIP) Model
d) Uses and gratification model

Answer: b) Explore, Engage, Empower (EEE) Model
Explanation: Alagaran II proposed the Explore, Engage, Empower (EEE) Model.

11. According to the MIP model, what does logical comparison involve?

a) Comparing media messages with personal experiences
b) Analyzing media content alone
c) Evaluating the production of media
d) Filtering out media messages

Answer: a) Comparing media messages with personal experiences
Explanation: The MIP model involves making logical comparisons between personal experiences and media messages.

12. Who noted that media literacy is essential for a participatory democracy?

a) Martens
b) Masterman
c) Hobbs
d) Buckingham

Answer: b) Masterman
Explanation: Masterman emphasized the importance of media literacy for a participatory democracy.

13. What approach does the protectionist orientation often lead to in media education?

a) Inoculation approach
b) Engagement approach
c) Empowerment approach
d) Passive approach

Answer: a) Inoculation approach
Explanation: The protectionist orientation often leads to the inoculation approach in media education.

14. What is the main idea behind the uses and gratification model?

a) Media has a direct impact on audiences
b) Audience members actively seek media to satisfy their needs
c) Media content is produced ethically
d) Media literacy should be taught in schools

Answer: b) Audience members actively seek media to satisfy their needs
Explanation: The uses and gratification model posits that audience members actively seek media to satisfy their needs.

15. According to the text, which model of media literacy includes competencies like analysis and evaluation?

a) EEE Model
b) MIP Model
c) Media Literacy Model
d) Protectionist Model

Answer: c) Media Literacy Model
Explanation: The Media Literacy Model includes competencies like analysis, evaluation, and other information-processing skills.

16. Who has insights on dialogical education that influenced media literacy?

a) Dewey
b) Freire
c) Gerbner
d) Masterman

Answer: b) Freire
Explanation: Freire’s insights on dialogical education and developing consciousness have shaped contemporary discussions on media literacy.

17. What is emphasized in the participatory orientation of media literacy?

a) Protection against media violence
b) Surveillance systems
c) Social production and communication
d) Regulatory policies

Answer: c) Social production and communication
Explanation: The participatory orientation emphasizes the spread of social production and communication for the development of knowledge and dialogue.

18. What does the term “media literacy” broadly refer to according to Potter?

a) Understanding media content
b) Creating media content
c) The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media
d) Regulating media content

Answer: c) The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media
Explanation: Media literacy broadly refers to the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media.

19. What are the three phases of the expanded empowerment model by Hobbs, Cohn-Geltner, and Landis?

a) Engage, educate, empower
b) Explore, analyze, create
c) Engage, evaluate, communicate
d) Access, evaluate, use

Answer: c) Engage, evaluate, communicate
Explanation: The expanded empowerment model includes phases of engagement, evaluating information, and communicating ideas.

20. What is the central unifying concept of media education according to Masterman?

a) Media as entertainment
b) Media representation
c) Media regulation
d) Media production

Answer: b) Media representation
Explanation: According to Masterman, the central unifying concept of media education is media representation.

21. What is the goal of the inoculation approach in media literacy education?

a) To promote media usage
b) To protect against cultural decline
c) To enhance media production skills
d) To encourage media consumption

Answer: b) To protect against cultural decline
Explanation: The inoculation approach views media as agents of cultural decline and aims to protect against it.

22. According to Gerbner, what do media stories weave?

a) A web of entertainment
b) A cultural environment
c) A regulatory framework
d) An educational curriculum

Answer: b) A cultural environment
Explanation: Gerbner noted that media stories weave the cultural environment that influences our thoughts and actions.

23. What is essential for effective media education according to Masterman?

a) Technical competence
b) Critical practical work
c) Regulatory policies
d) Media production

Answer: b) Critical practical work
Explanation: Masterman emphasizes that practical work should primarily be a critical activity rather than a reproductive one.

24. What does the protectionist orientation aim to counter in media literacy?

a) Media consumption
b) Negative media influence
c) Media production
d) Media engagement

Answer: b) Negative media influence
Explanation: The protectionist orientation aims to counter negative media influence, particularly on vulnerable groups.

25. Which theory influenced the development of the uses and gratification model?

a) Hypodermic needle theory
b) Cultivation theory
c) Social cognitive theory
d) Expectancy theory

Answer: c) Social cognitive theory
Explanation: The uses and gratification model is influenced by social cognitive theory, where individuals are seen as active participants in media consumption.

26. What is the focus of the promoting orientation in media literacy education?

a) Regulation of media content
b) Encouraging media consumption
c) Empowering and enabling constructive media usage
d) Reducing media access

Answer: c) Empowering and enabling constructive media usage
Explanation: The promoting orientation in media literacy education focuses on empowering individuals and enabling them to use media constructively.

27. What does the MIP model seek to understand?

a) Media content creation
b) Media audience needs
c) Message interpretation processes
d) Media regulation

Answer: c) Message interpretation processes
Explanation: The MIP model seeks to understand how individuals interpret media messages based on their knowledge structures and experiences.

28. According to the text, what is a significant issue in media literacy education?

a) Media regulation
b) Media production skills
c) The varied perspectives on media’s impact
d) Access to media

Answer: c) The varied perspectives on media’s impact
Explanation: A significant issue in media literacy education is the varied perspectives on media’s impact and the different goals of media education programs.

29. Who developed the EEE model for media and information literacy?

a) Martens
b) Potter
c) Alagaran II
d) Masterman

Answer: c) Alagaran II
Explanation: The EEE model was developed by Alagaran II to categorize competencies into exploration, engagement, and empowerment.

30. What does the cultivation theory suggest about long-term media exposure?

a) It has no significant impact
b) It creates uniform beliefs
c) It leads to diverse opinions
d) It diminishes critical thinking

Answer: b) It creates uniform beliefs
Explanation: The cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media leads to the creation of uniform beliefs among audiences.

31. Which of the following is a characteristic of the protectionist orientation?

a) Encouragement of critical thinking
b) Support for media engagement
c) Viewing media as potential threats
d) Promotion of media literacy skills

Answer: c) Viewing media as potential threats
Explanation: The protectionist orientation views media as potential threats and aims to protect individuals from negative media effects.

32. What is the main objective of the participatory orientation?

a) Limiting media access
b) Promoting regulatory policies
c) Enhancing social production and communication
d) Protecting children from media violence

Answer: c) Enhancing social production and communication
Explanation: The participatory orientation aims to enhance social production and communication as part of media literacy education.

33. Which theory is related to the concept of “mean world syndrome”?

a) Hypodermic needle theory
b) Cultivation theory
c) Social cognitive theory
d) Uses and gratification model

Answer: b) Cultivation theory
Explanation: The cultivation theory is related to the concept of “mean world syndrome,” where long-term exposure to media violence leads people to perceive the world as more dangerous than it is.

34. Who emphasized the critical activity in practical work in media education?

a) Martens
b) Masterman
c) Hobbs
d) Potter

Answer: b) Masterman
Explanation: Masterman emphasized that practical work in media education should be a critical activity.

35. What does the EEE model stand for?

a) Evaluate, Engage, Empower
b) Explore, Engage, Empower
c) Entertain, Educate, Empower
d) Examine, Evaluate, Empower

Answer: b) Explore, Engage, Empower
Explanation: The EEE model stands for Explore, Engage, Empower.

36. What does the promoting orientation in media literacy education aim to do?

a) Decrease media consumption
b) Regulate media industries
c) Encourage constructive media use
d) Protect from media violence

Answer: c) Encourage constructive media use
Explanation: The promoting orientation aims to encourage constructive media use by empowering citizens.

37. What is the focus of the EEE model proposed by Alagaran II?

a) Media regulation
b) Media content creation
c) Competencies in exploration, engagement, and empowerment
d) Protection from negative media effects

Answer: c) Competencies in exploration, engagement, and empowerment
Explanation: The EEE model focuses on competencies in exploration, engagement, and empowerment.

38. Which model of media literacy education is based on the idea of logical comparison?

a) Media Literacy Model
b) EEE Model
c) MIP Model
d) Protectionist Model

Answer: c) MIP Model
Explanation: The MIP Model is based on the idea of logical comparison between personal experiences and media messages.

39. What is a key element of the cultivation theory?

a) Media production
b) Media regulation
c) Long-term media exposure effects
d) Media literacy skills

Answer: c) Long-term media exposure effects
Explanation: A key element of the cultivation theory is the long-term effects of media exposure on audiences’ perceptions.

40. What does the protectionist orientation in media literacy education aim to do?

a) Promote media content creation
b) Encourage media consumption
c) Protect individuals from negative media effects
d) Increase media access

Answer: c) Protect individuals from negative media effects
Explanation: The protectionist orientation aims to protect individuals, especially vulnerable groups, from negative media effects.

41. Who proposed the expanded empowerment model in media literacy education?

a) Martens
b) Masterman
c) Hobbs, Cohn-Geltner, and Landis
d) Buckingham

Answer: c) Hobbs, Cohn-Geltner, and Landis
Explanation: Hobbs, Cohn-Geltner, and Landis proposed the expanded empowerment model.

42. What is the primary concern of the participatory orientation in media literacy?

a) Regulation of media content
b) Limiting media consumption
c) Empowering citizens through media usage
d) Protecting against media violence

Answer: c) Empowering citizens through media usage
Explanation: The participatory orientation is primarily concerned with empowering citizens and enabling them to use media constructively.

43. What does the term “media literacy” encompass according to Potter?

a) Analyzing media content only
b) Creating media content only
c) Accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating media
d) Regulating media content

Answer: c) Accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating media
Explanation: According to Potter, media literacy encompasses accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating media.

44. What is the main goal of the promoting orientation in media literacy education?

a) To decrease media consumption
b) To regulate media industries
c) To empower citizens and encourage constructive media usage
d) To protect from negative media effects

Answer: c) To empower citizens and encourage constructive media usage
Explanation: The promoting orientation aims to empower citizens and encourage them to use media in a constructive manner.

45. According to the EEE model, what are the three key applications of media and information literacy?

a) Search, analyze, create
b) Identify, evaluate, produce
c) Explore, engage, empower
d) Access, interpret, share

Answer: c) Explore, engage, empower
Explanation: The EEE model groups competencies into three key applications: explore, engage, and empower.

46. Which theory focuses on the repetitive lessons learned from media becoming the basis for broader worldviews?

a) Uses and gratification model
b) Social cognitive theory
c) Cultivation theory
d) Hypodermic needle theory

Answer: c) Cultivation theory
Explanation: The cultivation theory posits that repetitive lessons learned from media become the basis for broader worldviews.

47. What is the primary concern of the protectionist orientation in media literacy education?

a) Empowering citizens
b) Encouraging media production
c) Protecting individuals from negative media effects
d) Increasing media access

Answer: c) Protecting individuals from negative media effects
Explanation: The protectionist orientation is primarily concerned with protecting individuals, especially vulnerable groups, from the negative effects of media.

48. Who emphasized the importance of practical work being a critical activity in media education?

a) Martens
b) Masterman
c) Hobbs
d) Buckingham

Answer: b) Masterman
Explanation: Masterman emphasized that practical work in media education should be a critical activity rather than merely reproductive.

49. What is a significant issue in media literacy education according to the text?

a) Uniformity in media content
b) Varied perspectives on media’s impact
c) Lack of media access
d) Excessive media consumption

Answer: b) Varied perspectives on media’s impact
Explanation: A significant issue in media literacy education is the varied perspectives on media’s impact and the different goals of media education programs.

50. According to Gerbner, what do media stories contribute to?

a) A regulatory framework
b) An educational curriculum
c) A cultural environment
d) Media production

Answer: c) A cultural environment
Explanation: Gerbner noted that media stories contribute to weaving the cultural environment that influences our thoughts and actions.

These questions and answers cover a broad range of topics from the PDF and provide a comprehensive understanding of media and information literacy theories and models.